The thermospheric data assimilation is limited due to the lack of continuous observation of the neutral state.
The thermospheric data assimilation is limited due to the lack of continuous observation of the neutral state.
We explore the fundamental physics of narrow toroidal rings during their nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic evolution at tachocline depths. Using a shallow-water model, we simulate the nonlinear evolution of spot-producing toroidal rings of 6-degree latitudinal width and peak field of 15 kG.
The NASA Ionosphere Connection explorer was launched in October 2019 with the goal of understanding the transition from Earth's atmosphere to space by measuring key quantities at low latitudes.
We apply the helioseismic methodology of Legendre Function Decomposition to 88 months of Dopp- lergrams obtained by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) as the basis of inferring the depth variation of the mean meridional flow, as averaged between 20 and 60 degrees latitude and in time, in
Previous studies have established the importance of the increasing greenhouse gas concentrations in causing trends in the thermosphere and ionosphere (T-I). Recent work indicates that the changing Earth’s magnetic field is also important.