The possible effects of geomagnetic-field changes over periods of millennia on solar wind/magnetosphere/ionosphere/thermosphere coupling was examined, by altering the strength of the geomagnetic dipole in the Coupled Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere (CMIT) model.

Changes in the thermosphere-ionosphere system caused by high-speed streams in the solar wind, and the co-rotating interaction regions they engender, were studied using a combination of CMIT and TIEGCM simulations and data analysis. 

Extensive analyses of COSMIC data for 2007–2010 have revealed a number of features concerning seasonal and solar-cycle variation. Low-latitude ionospheric peak density N_mF₂ was dominated by the semi-annual anomaly, the equatorial anomaly and the annual asymmetry.

A comprehensive modeling investigation of ionospheric and thermospheric variations during a prompt penetration electric field on 9 November 2004.

The sudden increase of X-ray and extreme ultra-violet irradiance during flares increases the density of the ionosphere through enhanced photoionization.