H.Liu et al. have improved a comprehensive numerical model, the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere and ionosphere extension (WACCM-X).

The NASA Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission is a dual-channel imaging spectrograph that will be carried on a commercial communications satellite in geostationary orbit. Launch is scheduled for January, 2018.

Geomagnetic field-aligned currents from the Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment (AMPERE) satellite mission are used to drive the Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM).

The possible effects of geomagnetic-field changes over periods of millennia on solar wind/magnetosphere/ionosphere/thermosphere coupling was examined, by altering the strength of the geomagnetic dipole in the Coupled Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere (CMIT) model.