Every year during the European Space Weather Week (ESWW), three international medals are given in the field of space weather. The Kristian Birkeland Medal, the Baron Marcel Nicolet Medal and the Alexander Chizhevsky Medal.
NASA's recently-funded Small-Explorer (SMEX) mission, PUNCH (Polarimeter to UNify the Corona and Heliosphere), is targeted to launch in 2022. Sarah Gibson, interim director of the High Altitude Observatory at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), is coordinating the mission’s innovative science efforts.
Subauroral polarization stream (SAPS) are latitudinally narrow flow channels of large westward plasma drifts in the subauroral ionosphere.
A puzzling feature of the Earth’s equatorial upper atmosphere is the occurrence of enhanced VHF radar echoes near 150-km altitude. These so-called 150-km echoes have been observed for over 50-years, and occur nearly every day, making them a persistent feature of the equatorial ionosphere.
One of the most robust features of the solar magnetic cycle is that the stronger cycles rise faster than the weaker ones. This is popularly known as the Waldmeier Effect, which is known for more than 100 years.
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