If you have visited the High Altitude Observatory, you may recall seeing the Maunder’s original butterfly diagram. The chart resembles three butterflies traveling west. Drawn by Annie S.D. Maunder and E. Walter Maunder, it demonstrated for the first time the movement of sunspot emergence from the poles toward the equator over the sun's 11-year cycle.
Azaymi Litzi Siu Tapia is currently a PhD student in Solar Physics at Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research and the University of Gottingen in Germany, since August 2014. She is working with Andreas Lagg and Sami K. Solanki on the physical mechanisms responsible for driving photospheric flows in the penumbra of sunspots.
Kevin Dalmasse is currently finishing a 2-year postdoc jointly funded by CISL and an Air Force grant from HAO Senior Scientist, Sarah Gibson. His current postdoc is on data constrained reconstruction of the solar coronal magnetic field, with the goal of better constraining/quantifying the 3D properties of eruptive solar magnetic fields (for Space Weather predictions).
There are still uncertainties regarding the formation mechanisms for storm-enhanced density (SED) in the high and subauroral latitude ionosphere.
The Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) provides an unparalleled opportunity to explore the (thermal) interface between the chromosphere, transition region, and the coronal plasma observed by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) of the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO).
We implement an Ensemble Kalman Filter procedure using the Data Assimilation Research Testbed for assimilating "synthetic" meridional flow-speed data in a Babcock–Leighton-type flux-transport solar dynamo model.
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