Research Highlights

N. M. Pedatella, H. Liu, H.-L. Liu, A. Herrington, and J. McInerney focus on understanding how changes in the background state of the upper atmosphere due to increases in CO2 alter the response of the ionosphere and thermosphere to geomagnetic storms finding that increasing levels of CO2 generally result in a weaker response of the ionosphere and thermosphere to geomagnetic storms in absolute terms, while their relative responses enhance at higher CO2 levels.

Dai Koshin, Nick Pedatella, and Anne Smith describe the coupling between the winter stratosphere in the Southern Hemisphere and the northern upper mesosphere as seen in a long-term whole atmosphere model simulation revealing interannual variation is associated with the phase of the intraseasonal oscillation in the equatorial mesosphere and lower thermosphere.

Mausumi Dikpati, Marianna B. Korsos, Aimee A. Norton, Breno Raphaldini, Kiran Jain, Scott W. McIntosh, Peter A. Gilman, Andre S. W. Teruya and Nour E. Raouafi analyzed active region (AR) 13664 during a superactive emergence event. They conclude that this superstorm was caused by enhanced magnetic complexity occurring due to intricate interactions among multiple active regions emerging at nearly the same locations. 

J. G. Lyon, V. G. Merkin, K. A. Sorathia, and M. J. Wiltberger describe a multifluid approach to observing ionized atoms in near-Earth space showing how changes in the magnetic field direction can act to accelerate ions along the field, and modeling how plasma waves behave in such a multifluid environment. They present results of a super-computer simulation of the near-Earth space, modeling the behavior of different plasma fluids and their interactions during a geomagnetic storm.

R. Jarolim, A. M. Veronig, W. Pötzi, and T. Podladchikova recently developed a new deep learning framework for Instrument-To-Instrument translation of solar observation data, enabling homogenized data series across multi-instrument datasets. The study demonstrates that the available data sets can directly profit from instrumental improvements, by applying the method to four different applications of ground- and space-based solar observations. 

Philip Judge:  For the first time, the methods in solar physics are reviewed using statistical methods. This study attempts to establish a basis for understanding how methods used in research in solar physics have evolved since WWII.

Qian Wu, Dong Lin, Wenbin Wang, Kevin Pham, Liying Qian, Haonan Wu, Thomas J. Immel, and Erdal Yigit, using a numerical model, simulated the nighttime ionospheric disturbances caused by electric fields that enter this system from the magnetosphere and electric fields generated internally by changes in the thermospheric winds.

Katherine Davidson, Gang Lu, Mark Conde present a quantitative assessment of the thermospheric forcing and its dependence on high-latitude driving. Due to its coupling with the ionosphere via ion-neutral collisions, the simulated neutral wind and the corresponding thermospheric forcing from Global Circulation Models (GCMs) are highly dependent on the model's high-latitude ionospheric input. 

Liying Qian, and Kalevi Mursula use model simulations and observations to examine how well the F10.7 and F30 solar radio fluxes have represented solar forcing in the thermosphere during the last 60 years of weakening solar activity.