Earth's upper atmosphere | High Altitude Observatory

Assimilation of Ionosphere Observations in the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere-ionosphere eXtension (WACCMX)

(a) Root mean square error and (b) bias in WACCMX+DART experiments compared to ground-based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) total electron content observations for the 1 hr forecast (F) and analysis (A)

Statistical Dependence of EMIC Wave Scattering on Wave and Plasma Parameters

H+ band Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron (EMIC) waves produce loss of relativistic electrons as seen by two Van Allen Probes spacecraft separated along orbit by ~ 1 hour during June 2015 storm (Qin et al., 2019)

Equatorial Ionospheric Electrodynamics

Height variation of quiet time evening vertical drifts over Jicamarca for moderate solar flux conditions(after Fejer et al., 2014)

Comparison of GOLD nighttime measurements with total electron content: preliminary results

The comparison between the GOLD map and TEC2 map on DOY 72 in 2019 23:10-23:40 (top) and 23:55-24:25 (bottom)

The 2‐D Evolution of Thermospheric ∑O/N2 Response to Weak Geomagnetic Activity During Solar‐Minimum Observed by GOLD

(top) The Kp and Dst index of three cases (DOY 145 to 148; DOY 153 to 156; DOY 162 to 165); (middle) latitude-longitude distribution of ∑O/N2 percentage difference between two quiet days in three cases; (bottom) percentage difference of ∑O/N2 between disturbed and quiet days in three cases. Corresponding local time is marked on longitude interval

Formation of Double Tongues of Ionization During the 17 March 2013 Geomagnetic Storm

Polar maps of the simulated electron density at pressure level 2 (~300 km) in the Northern Hemisphere as a function of geographic latitude and local time on 17 March 2013

Dipolar elementary current systems for ionospheric current reconstruction at low and middle latitudes

Maps of the E-region horizontal and radial currents for 18 March 2016 at 11:22 UT

Sudden Stratospheric Warmings

Observations of ionospheric behavior during the 2009 SSW event

Alfvénic thermospheric upwelling in a global geospace model

Air density in the northern hemisphere on 27 March 2003 when CHAMP passes through the edge of a high-latitude density enhancement

Day-to-Day Variability of Diurnal Tide in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Driven From Below

Daily values of migrating diurnal tidal amplitudes (left panel) and phases (right panel) at 1E-2 hPa (80 km) from the novel multiple satellite analysis method described in this paper (upper panel), NOGAPS-ALPHA (middle panel), and WACCM-X (lower panel)

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