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The Formation Mechanism of Merged EIA During a Storm on 4 November 2021

EIA formation and evolution

Climate Change in the Thermosphere and Ionosphere From the Early Twentieth Century to Early Twenty‐First Century Simulated by the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model—eXtended

McInerney WACCMX climate observations

Investigation of the physical mechanism of the formation and evolution of equatorial plasma bubbles during a moderate storm on September 17, 2021

GOLD Namx left and right panels

Investigation of the GOLD Observed Merged Nighttime EIA with WACCM-X Simulations during the Storm of November 3–4, 2021

Nmax observed by GOLD and NmF2 simulated by WACCM-X

Climate responses under an extreme quiet sun scenario

Zonal wind averages from Smax simultations

Thermospheric Neutral Density Variation during the "SpaceX" Storm: Implications from Physics-based Whole Geospace Modeling

Neutral density variations along the Starlink orbit

Investigation of the Post-Sunset Extra Electron Density Peak Poleward of the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly Southern Crest

Latitude-longitude distribution and NmF2 simulation

Climate Changes in the Upper Atmosphere: Contributions by the Changing Greenhouse Gas Concentrations and Earth's Magnetic Field From the 1960s to 2010s

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This material is based upon work supported by the NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research, a major facility sponsored by the U.S. National Science Foundation and managed by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. National Science Foundation.