The polar view of the percentage difference of simulated ∑O/N2 and GOLD observed ∑O/N2 between DOY 111 and 110 at 15:10 UT in 2019. The perimeter latitude is 30°N
Jul 11, 2022

The effects of IMF By on the middle thermosphere during a geomagnetically “quiet” period at solar minimum

Data from NASA’s Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk, or GOLD, mission reveals the twin bands of charged particles that persist near the equator at night
Nov 18, 2021

NASA Features Research by HAO Scientist Xuguang Cai

The simulated vertical E x B drift velocity (Wi), and the changes of the vertical drift velocity due to the flares, at 300 km and12:00 LT (September 6th – September 11th, 2017)
Nov 17, 2021

Responses of the Thermosphere and Ionosphere System to Concurrent Solar Flares and Geomagnetic Storms

The comparison between the GOLD map and TEC2 map on DOY 72 in 2019 23:10-23:40 (top) and 23:55-24:25 (bottom)
Nov 16, 2021

Comparison of GOLD nighttime measurements with total electron content: preliminary results

(top) The Kp and Dst index of three cases (DOY 145 to 148; DOY 153 to 156; DOY 162 to 165); (middle) latitude-longitude distribution of ∑O/N2 percentage difference between two quiet days in three cases; (bottom) percentage difference of ∑O/N2 between disturbed and quiet days in three cases. Corresponding local time is marked on longitude interval
Nov 16, 2021

The 2‐D Evolution of Thermospheric ∑O/N2 Response to Weak Geomagnetic Activity During Solar‐Minimum Observed by GOLD

The latitude-longitude distribution of the OI 135.6 nm radiance measured by GOLD Channel B from 22:25 to 23:55 UT (22:25, 22:55, 23:10, 23:25, 23:40 and 23:55) on Nov 19, 2018
Nov 16, 2021

Observation of Postsunset OI 135.6 nm radiance Enhancement in South America by the Global-scale Observation of Limb and Disk (GOLD) Mission

Latitude-longitude distribution of percentage difference (Diff %) of GOLD observed ∑O/N2 between DOY 131 and 128 from 6:10 UT to 22:40 UT with 2-hour intervals
Nov 15, 2021

Investigation of a neutral ‘tongue’ observed by GOLD during the geomagnetic storm on May 11,2019

a) AE index and b) Kp and Dst between DOY 109 and 112
Nov 15, 2021

Variations in thermosphere composition and ionosphere total electron content under ‘geomagnetically quiet’ conditions at solar-minimum

Solar flare effects on magnetospheric convection and ionospheric potential
Nov 15, 2021

Geospace response to an extreme solar flare

Simulated thermosphere and ionosphere temperatures at 300 km in the 1960s, thermosphere mass density at 400 km in the 1960s, and their changes from the 1960s to 2010s, at 17UT
Nov 15, 2021

Climate Changes in the Upper Atmosphere: Contributions by the Changing Greenhouse Gas Concentrations and Earth's Magnetic Field From the 1960s to 2010s

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