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Penetrating electric field with/without disturbed electric fields During the 7-8 July 2022 geomagnetic storm simulated by MAGE and observed by ICON MIGHTI

MAGE simulation and ICON observation of zonal thermospheric winds and ion drifts

SubAuroral Red Arcs Generated by Inner Magnetospheric Heat Flux and by SubAuroral Polarization Streams

Heat flux/SAPS impacts on SAR arcs

The contribution of plasma sheet bubbles to stormtime ring current buildup and evolution of the energy composition

Proton Intensities comparison

Thermospheric Density Perturbations Produced by Traveling Atmospheric Disturbances during August 2005 Storm

neutral density perturbation observed by CHAMP and GRACE

Thermospheric Neutral Density Variation during the "SpaceX" Storm: Implications from Physics-based Whole Geospace Modeling

Neutral density variations along the Starlink orbit

Thermospheric Impact on the Magnetosphere through Ionospheric Outflow

Coupled model of thermosphere-ionosphere-magnetosphere system

Geospace response to an extreme solar flare

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This material is based upon work supported by the NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research, a major facility sponsored by the U.S. National Science Foundation and managed by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. National Science Foundation.