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Scientific Motivations and Future Directions of Whole Atmosphere Modeling

Lower-atmosphere processes in the ionosphere-thermosphere

Lower thermospheric material transport via Lagrangian coherent structures

Left: Specified Dynamics Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere-ionosphere eXtension (SD-WACCMX) Lagrangian coherent structures (LCSs) for a space shuttle launch during (a) spring and (b) summer. Right: Observations of GUVI Lyman-alpha column emission rates in Rayleighs reprinted from Meier et al. (2011) and annotated with the LCS locations.

The Molecular Oxygen Density Structure of the Lower Thermosphere as Seen by GOLD and Models

Comparisons of local time structure of molecular oxygen at 21°N, 170 km altitude

Impact of Thermospheric Wind Data Assimilation on Ionospheric Electrodynamics using a Coupled Whole Atmosphere Data Assimilation System

Longitude-latitude maps of NmF2 from the NR (first column) and the difference of NmF2 between OSSEs and NR (second to fourth columns) at six different times.

Interhemispheric Coupling Mechanisms in the Middle Atmosphere of WACCM6

Differences in the monthly mean temperature from the long-term average over three WACCM realizations

On the importance of interactive ozone chemistry in Earth-System models for studying MLT tidal changes during sudden stratospheric warmings

SW2 amplitude in neutral temperature

Thermospheric composition O/N2 response to an altered meridional mean circulation during Sudden Stratospheric Warmings observed by GOLD

GOLD plots

Assimilation of Ionosphere Observations in the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere-ionosphere eXtension (WACCMX)

(a) Root mean square error and (b) bias in WACCMX+DART experiments compared to ground-based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) total electron content observations for the 1 hr forecast (F) and analysis (A)

The 2‐D Evolution of Thermospheric ∑O/N2 Response to Weak Geomagnetic Activity During Solar‐Minimum Observed by GOLD

(top) The Kp and Dst index of three cases (DOY 145 to 148; DOY 153 to 156; DOY 162 to 165); (middle) latitude-longitude distribution of ∑O/N2 percentage difference between two quiet days in three cases; (bottom) percentage difference of ∑O/N2 between disturbed and quiet days in three cases. Corresponding local time is marked on longitude interval

Sudden Stratospheric Warmings

Observations of ionospheric behavior during the 2009 SSW event

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This material is based upon work supported by the NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research, a major facility sponsored by the U.S. National Science Foundation and managed by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. National Science Foundation.